{"id":3682,"date":"2022-04-02T06:59:46","date_gmt":"2022-04-02T15:29:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/10ccc.cc\/?page_id=3682"},"modified":"2022-04-02T06:59:46","modified_gmt":"2022-04-02T15:29:46","slug":"%e5%bd%92%e4%b8%80%e5%8c%96-%ef%bc%88normalization%ef%bc%89%e3%80%81%e6%a0%87%e5%87%86%e5%8c%96-%ef%bc%88standardization%ef%bc%89%e5%92%8c%e4%b8%ad%e5%bf%83%e5%8c%96-%e9%9b%b6%e5%9d%87%e5%80%bc","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/10ccc.cc\/?page_id=3682","title":{"rendered":"\u5f52\u4e00\u5316 \uff08Normalization\uff09\u3001\u6807\u51c6\u5316 \uff08Standardization\uff09\u548c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\/\u96f6\u5747\u503c\u5316 \uff08Zero-centered\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"

1 \u6982\u5ff5<\/h1>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\uff1a\uff11\uff09\u628a\u6570\u636e\u53d8\u6210(\uff10\uff0c\uff11)\u6216\u8005\uff081,1\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5c0f\u6570\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u4fbf\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u628a\u6570\u636e\u6620\u5c04\u52300\uff5e1\u8303\u56f4\u4e4b\u5185\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u4fbf\u6377\u5feb\u901f\u3002\uff12\uff09\u628a\u6709\u91cf\u7eb2\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u53d8\u6210\u65e0\u91cf\u7eb2\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u5355\u4f4d\u6216\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u6307\u6807\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u548c\u52a0\u6743\u3002\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5316\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u6709\u91cf\u7eb2\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53d8\u6362\uff0c\u5316\u4e3a\u65e0\u91cf\u7eb2\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u7eaf\u91cf\u3002
\n\u6807\u51c6\u5316\uff1a\u5728\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u97f3\u8baf\u548c\u56fe\u7247\u4e0a\u7684\u50cf\u7d20\u503c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6599\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u9ad8\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\uff0c\u8d44\u6599\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u540e\u4f1a\u4f7f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u503c\u5e73\u5747\u53d8\u4e3a0(\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u503c\u90fd\u51cf\u6389\u539f\u59cb\u8d44\u6599\u4e2d\u8be5\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u5e73\u5747)\u3001\u6807\u51c6\u5dee\u53d8\u4e3a1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d(\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u652f\u6301\u5411\u91cf\u673a\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u56de\u5f52\u548c\u7c7b\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc)\u3002
\n\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\uff1a\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u4e3a0\uff0c\u5bf9\u6807\u51c6\u5dee\u65e0\u8981\u6c42
\n\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1a\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u662f\u5c06\u6837\u672c\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u503c\u8f6c\u6362\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u91cf\u7eb2\u4e0b\u628a\u6570\u636e\u6620\u5c04\u5230[0,1]\u6216\u8005[-1, 1]\u533a\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u4ec5\u7531\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u6781\u503c\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u533a\u95f4\u653e\u7f29\u6cd5\u662f\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u3002\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u662f\u4f9d\u7167\u7279\u5f81\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u5217\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5176\u901a\u8fc7\u6c42z-score\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u548c\u6574\u4f53\u6837\u672c\u5206\u5e03\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6837\u672c\u70b9\u90fd\u80fd\u5bf9\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u90fd\u80fd\u53d6\u6d88\u7531\u4e8e\u91cf\u7eb2\u4e0d\u540c\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u8bef\u5dee\uff1b\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7ebf\u6027\u53d8\u6362\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5bf9\u5411\u91cfX\u6309\u7167\u6bd4\u4f8b\u538b\u7f29\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u5e73\u79fb\u3002
\n\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u548c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1a\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u662f\u539f\u59cb\u5206\u6570\u51cf\u53bb\u5e73\u5747\u6570\u7136\u540e\u9664\u4ee5\u6807\u51c6\u5dee\uff0c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u662f\u539f\u59cb\u5206\u6570\u51cf\u53bb\u5e73\u5747\u6570\u3002 \u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u822c\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e3a\u5148\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u518d\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u3002
\n\u65e0\u91cf\u7eb2\uff1a\u6211\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u67d0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u80fd\u53bb\u6389\u5b9e\u9645\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7b80\u5316\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

2 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\/\u6807\u51c6\u5316\uff1f<\/h1>\n
\n\u5982\u524d\u6587\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\/\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u5b9e\u8d28\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7ebf\u6027\u53d8\u6362\uff0c\u7ebf\u6027\u53d8\u6362\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u826f\u597d\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6027\u8d28\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u6539\u53d8\u540e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u201c\u5931\u6548\u201d\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u80fd\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6027\u8d28\u662f\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\/\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u53d8\u6362\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6570\u503c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002
\n\uff081\uff09\u67d0\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u6c42\u89e3\u9700\u8981
\n1\uff09\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u68af\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6c42\u89e3\u6700\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c \u5f52\u4e00\u5316\/\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u5feb\u68af\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u6c42\u89e3\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5373\u63d0\u5347\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6536\u655b\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u5982\u5de6\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u672a\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\/\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u65f6\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u7b49\u9ad8\u7ebf\u504f\u692d\u5706\uff0c\u8fed\u4ee3\u65f6\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8d70\u201c\u4e4b\u201d\u5b57\u578b\u8def\u7ebf\uff08\u5782\u76f4\u957f\u8f74\uff09\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fed\u4ee3\u5f88\u591a\u6b21\u624d\u80fd\u6536\u655b\u3002\u800c\u5982\u53f3\u56fe\u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7b49\u9ad8\u7ebf\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u5706\uff0c\u5728\u68af\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d\u8fdb\u884c\u6c42\u89e3\u65f6\u80fd\u8f83\u5feb\u7684\u6536\u655b\u3002<\/div>\n

\"\" \"\"<\/div>\n

<\/div>\n
\n
\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 2\uff09\u4e00\u4e9b\u5206\u7c7b\u5668\u9700\u8981\u8ba1\u7b97\u6837\u672c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb(\u5982\u6b27\u6c0f\u8ddd\u79bb)\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982KNN\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\u503c\u57df\u8303\u56f4\u975e\u5e38\u5927\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8ddd\u79bb\u8ba1\u7b97\u5c31\u4e3b\u8981\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u76f8\u6096(\u6bd4\u5982\u8fd9\u65f6\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u503c\u57df\u8303\u56f4\u5c0f\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u66f4\u91cd\u8981)\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff082\uff09\u65e0\u91cf\u7eb2\u5316
\n\u4f8b\u5982\u623f\u5b50\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ece\u4e1a\u52a1\u5c42\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u5168\u90e8\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u3002 \u8fd9\u662f\u4ece\u4e1a\u52a1\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u4f5c\u7684\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff083\uff09\u907f\u514d\u6570\u503c\u95ee\u9898
\n\u592a\u5927\u7684\u6570\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u6570\u503c\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n

3 \u6570\u636e\u9884\u5904\u7406\u65f6<\/h1>\n

3.1 \u5f52\u4e00\u5316
\n\uff081\uff09Min-Max Normalization
\nx' = (x - X_min) \/ (X_max - X_min)<\/p>\n

\uff082\uff09\u5e73\u5747\u5f52\u4e00\u5316
\nx' = (x - \u03bc) \/ (MaxValue - MinValue)
\n\uff081\uff09\u548c\uff082\uff09\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f3a\u9677\u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u6709\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u5165\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4max\u548cmin\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff083\uff09\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u5f52\u4e00\u5316
\n1\uff09\u5bf9\u6570\u51fd\u6570\u8f6c\u6362\uff1ay = log10(x)
\n2\uff09\u53cd\u4f59\u5207\u51fd\u6570\u8f6c\u6362\uff1ay = atan(x) * 2 \/ \u03c0
\n\uff083\uff09\u7ecf\u5e38\u7528\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5316\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u6570\u503c\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5f88\u5c0f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u6570\u5b66\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5c06\u539f\u59cb\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u6620\u5c04\u3002\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec log\u3001\u6307\u6570\uff0c\u6b63\u5207\u7b49\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u66f2\u7ebf\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982log(V, 2)\u8fd8\u662flog(V, 10)\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

3.2 \u6807\u51c6\u5316
\n\uff081\uff09Z-score\u89c4\u8303\u5316\uff08\u6807\u51c6\u5dee\u6807\u51c6\u5316 \/ \u96f6\u5747\u503c\u6807\u51c6\u5316\uff09
\nx' = (x - \u03bc)\uff0f\u03c3<\/p>\n

3.3 \u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316
\nx' = x - \u03bc<\/p>\n

4 \u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u7528\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\uff1f\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u5316\uff1f
\n\uff081\uff09\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u8303\u56f4\u6709\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u7528\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u3002
\n\uff082\uff09\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u8f83\u4e3a\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\uff0c\u7528\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u3002
\n\uff083\uff09\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u5728\u5f02\u5e38\u503c\u548c\u8f83\u591a\u566a\u97f3\uff0c\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u95f4\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u907f\u514d\u5f02\u5e38\u503c\u548c\u6781\u7aef\u503c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002
\n\u67d0\u77e5\u4e4e\u7b54\u4e3b\u7684\u56de\u7b54<\/a>\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4eba\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff1a\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u5efa\u8bae\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u54c8\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8f93\u51fa\u6709\u8981\u6c42\u65f6\u518d\u5c1d\u8bd5\u522b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u8303\u56f4\u8c03\u6574\u5230[0, 1]\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u6709\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5bc6\u5ea6\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u9ad8\u65af\u5206\u5e03\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9996\u5148\u8ba1\u7b97\u9ad8\u65af\u8bef\u5dee\u51fd\u6570\uff08Gaussian Error Function\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u5b9a\u4e3aer fc(\u00b7)\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e0b\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u5316\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\n
\u2003\u8fd9\u7bc7\u535a\u5ba2<\/a>\u63d0\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff1a1\uff09 \u5728\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u805a\u7c7b\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u8ddd\u79bb\u6765\u5ea6\u91cf\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3001\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528PCA\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u884c\u964d\u7ef4\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5(Z-score standardization)\u8868\u73b0\u66f4\u597d\u30022\uff09 \u5728\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u8ddd\u79bb\u5ea6\u91cf\u3001\u534f\u65b9\u5dee\u8ba1\u7b97\u3001\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u6b63\u592a\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06RGB\u56fe\u50cf\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7070\u5ea6\u56fe\u50cf\u540e\u5c06\u5176\u503c\u9650\u5b9a\u5728[0 255]\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002 <\/p>\n

5 \u54ea\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u5fc5\u987b\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\/\u6807\u51c6\u5316\uff1f<\/h1>\n

\uff081\uff09SVM
\n\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u5982SVM \u7528\u9ad8\u65af\u6838\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5171\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u5dee\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u5c31\u5047\u8bbe\u7279\u5f81\u5206\u5e03\u662f\u5706\u7684\u4e48\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u692d\u5706\u7684\u5c31\u5751\u4e86\u4eba\u5bb6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u90fd\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f\u597d\uff0c\u6765\u676f\u767d\u5316\u624d\u6709\u52b2\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u7528\u6811\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u662f\u5404\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5404\u7b97\u5404\u7684\u5207\u5206\u70b9\uff0c\u6ca1\u6240\u8c13\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff082\uff09KNN
\n\u9700\u8981\u5ea6\u91cf\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5728\u7279\u5f81\u503c\u5dee\u8ddd\u8f83\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\/\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u3002\u4e0d\u7136\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u201c\u5927\u6570\u5403\u5c0f\u6570\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff083\uff09\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc
\n1\uff09\u6570\u503c\u95ee\u9898
\n\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\/\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6570\u503c\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8f93\u5165\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\u672a\u81f4\u4e8e\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u6570\u503c\u95ee\u9898\u5427\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5b9e\u8981\u5f15\u8d77\u4e5f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u4e48\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u56e0\u4e3atansig\uff08tanh\uff09\u7684\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u533a\u95f4\u5927\u7ea6\u5728[-1.7\uff0c1.7]\u3002\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8981\u4f7f\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6709\u6548\uff0ctansig( w1x1 + w2<\/em>x2 +b) \u91cc\u7684 w1x1 +w2<\/em>x2 +b \u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\u5e94\u8be5\u5728 1 \uff081.7\u6240\u5728\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\uff09\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u8f93\u5165\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6743\u503c\u5fc5\u987b\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u76f8\u4e58\uff0c\u5c31\u5f15\u8d77\u6570\u503c\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\u3002
\n\u5047\u5982\u4f60\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u662f421\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u8bb8\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u592a\u5927\u7684\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u6743\u503c\u5927\u6982\u4f1a\u57281\/421\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u4f8b\u59820.00243\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5728matlab\u91cc\u8f93\u5165 421\u00b70.00243 == 0.421\u00b72.43\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0d\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

2\uff09\u6c42\u89e3\u9700\u8981
\na. \u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff1a\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u6bcf\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6210\u6709\u6548\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0ctansig\u51fd\u6570\u5728[-1.7, 1.7]\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u6709\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u90fd\u80fd\u5728\u5408\u7406\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u4f7f\u5f97\u6bcf\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u65f6\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3002\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6743\u503c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5728[-1,1]\u4e14\u8f93\u5165\u6ca1\u6709\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u4e14\u8fc7\u5927\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5f97\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u9971\u548c\uff09
\nb. \u68af\u5ea6\uff1a\u4ee5\u8f93\u5165-\u9690\u5c42-\u8f93\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e09\u5c42BP\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8f93\u5165-\u9690\u5c42\u6743\u503c\u7684\u68af\u5ea6\u67092ew<\/em>(1-a^2)*x\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08e\u662f\u8aa4\u5dee\uff0cw\u662f\u9690\u5c42\u5230\u8f93\u51fa\u5c42\u7684\u6743\u91cd\uff0ca\u662f\u9690\u5c42\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u503c\uff0cx\u662f\u8f93\u5165\uff09\uff0c\u82e5\u679c\u8f93\u51fa\u5c42\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77e\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u540c\u7406\uff0cw\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c06\u9690\u5c42\uff08\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\u4e3a1\uff09\u6620\u8eab\u5230\u8f93\u51fa\u5c42\uff0cw\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0ax\u4e5f\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ece\u68af\u5ea6\u516c\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u4e09\u8005\u76f8\u4e58\uff0c\u68af\u5ea6\u5c31\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u4f1a\u7ed9\u68af\u5ea6\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u5e26\u6765\u6570\u503c\u95ee\u9898\u3002
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\nd.\u641c\u7d22\u8f68\u8ff9\uff1a\u5df2\u89e3\u91ca<\/p>\n

\uff084\uff09PCA<\/p>\n

\u53c2\u8003\uff1a
\n\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u548c\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b\uff1f - \u77e5\u4e4e\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.zhihu.com\/question\/20467170<\/a>
\nR--\u6570\u636e\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u3001\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u3001\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u5904\u7406\uff1ahttps:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/33727799<\/a>
\n\u7279\u5f81\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684[\u5f52\u4e00\u5316]\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f5c\u7528\uff1f - \u77e5\u4e4e\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.zhihu.com\/question\/20455227<\/a>
\n\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\uff1ahttp:\/\/nnetinfo.com\/nninfo\/showText.jsp?id=37<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1 \u6982\u5ff5 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\uff1a\uff11\uff09\u628a\u6570\u636e\u53d8\u6210(\uff10\uff0c\uff11)\u6216\u8005\uff081,1\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5c0f\u6570\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u4fbf\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u628a\u6570\u636e\u6620\u5c04\u5230 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"emotion":"","emotion_color":"","title_style":"","license":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3682","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/10ccc.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3682","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/10ccc.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/10ccc.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/10ccc.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/10ccc.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3682"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/10ccc.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3682\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/10ccc.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3682"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}